Where the backfill is greater than 12 ft in height, such proposed walls shall be designed per a geotechnical investigation and report prepared by a licensed geotechnical engineer and shall. Consider the great wall of china, for example, where transverse bamboo poles were used to tie the walls together a forerunner of todays mechanically. However, retaining walls can also be constructed for aesthetic landscaping purposes. Retaining wall designrev bogor agricultural university. Design of soldier pile retaining wall data required for soldier pile wall design. Analysis and design of a retaining wall download project. Retaining blocks are among the easiest of constructional elements used for building retaining walls. The following worked example is for a freestanding cantilever wall that is considered. In such a case counterforts having trapezoidal section fixed at the base slab are provided at intervals of 1. The focus of the guideline is the geotechnical aspects of retaining wall design. Retaining walls generally have little vertical load other than self weight and weight of any soil on a footing. Analysis and design of a retaining wall chapter one introduction retaining walls cantilever rw rankin theory forces on cantilever rw counterfort rw forces on counterfort rw the gravity rw forces on gravity rw chapter two stability of retaining wall soil properties of rws drainage in rw allowable bearing capacity chapter three procedure for the.
Stability limit state a limit state of loss of static equilibrium of a structure or part thereof, when considered as a rigid body. In this example, the structural design of the three retaining wall components is performed by hand. Design the reinforced concrete masonry cantilever retaining wall shown in figure 2. Learn more about reinforced retaining wall construction. The following text provides a general discussion and design guidelines for these flexible wall. We believe that a twelve degree setback maximizes the leverage achieved by a battered wall, while providing a finished retaining wall that fulfills the goal of more useable flat land. There various parts of a retaining wall and design principles of these retaining wall components based on. Detailed design and plan development the bridge design bureau is normally responsible for producing the final wall plans and specifications, based on the. For retaining wall design, the applicable train liveload surcharge is the cooper e80, which can be approximated as 1,880 pounds per square foot per foot psfft of rail. Sketches of the retaining wall forces should be considered to properly distinguish the different forces acting on our retaining wall as tackled in the previous article, retaining wall. Common design issues are described in the following sections. Cantilever retaining wall reinforced concrete wall with small dimensions and it is the most economical type and the most common note. Worked example 2 design of concrete cantilever retaining walls to.
They are composed of a light form of concrete that is further blended with aggregates to make the blocks sturdier. In general, they are used to hold back or support soil banks and water or to maintain difference in the elevation of the ground surface on each of wall sides. This design example focuses on the analysis and design of a tapered cantilever retaining wall including a comparison with model results from the engineering software programs spwall and spmats. After this present you will be able to do the completecomplete design design andand detailingdetailing ofof differentdifferent typestypes ofof. Examples of this include cip cantilever, mse and modular block walls. This is where geogrid comes in allan blocks reinforcement grid provides a simple solution by creating a solid structure with more resistance to soil pressure and surcharges for retaining walls under 6 ft.
The retaining wall supports 150 of level roadway embankment measured from top of wall to top of footing. Reinforced concrete wall design basics mike oshea, p. Cantilever retaining wall ouestion for the retaining wall and the profile shown below, calculate. Compaction of backfill behind a retaining wall is normally affected by the compactors. These design methods are discussed in detail in allowable stress design of concrete masonry, tek 147a, and strength design of concrete masonry, tek 144a refs. The objective of this guideline is to provide information on retaining wall design in accordance with the city of nanaimo the city and the british columbia building code bcbc requirements. A n beal earth retaining structures worked examples. Sep 20, 2016 analysis and design of a retaining wall chapter one introduction retaining walls cantilever rw rankin theory forces on cantilever rw counterfort rw forces on counterfort rw the gravity rw forces on gravity rw chapter two stability of retaining wall soil properties of rws drainage in rw allowable bearing capacity chapter three procedure for the continue reading analysis and design of a. The wall thickness is generally considered to be the width of the vertical element and facing. They are not full detailed calculations such as might be prepared for a real wall design but are limited to the calculation of earth pressure and bearing capacity, showing how the recommendations of bs8002 are applied in practice.
This session is not intended to teach concrete design, but more of an awareness of why things are the way they are. The ab stones provide a nominal setback of twelve degrees from vertical. A n beal earth retaining structures worked examples 1 worked examples of retaining wall design to bs8002 the following worked examples have been prepared to illustrate the application of bs8002 to retaining wall design. Final duevel arema retaining wall design for the railroad. Worked example 2 design of concrete cantilever retaining. However this isnt the case if the retaining wall is. Retaining wall design for the railroad infrastructure.
Concrete masonry reinforced cantilever retaining walls. Conditions above and behind the retaining wall will determine how tall the retaining wall can be before reinforcement is needed. Mechanically stabilized earth mse retaining walls are growing in popularity. The safety factor against sliding minimum required f. Current retaining wall design procedures are summarized with emphasis on the prediction of lateral earth. Preface standards australia has published as 46782002 for the design of earth retaining structures, which. These includes nature of the soil, friction angle of the soil, density of the soil, passive and active allowable pressures, arching factors to use, and other recommendations which specifically related to the site. Concrete masonry reinforced cantilever retaining walls edition e3, may 20 isbn 0 909407 56 8. Design of retaining wall with counterfort engineering.
For details of other type the book foundation analysis and design by j. Active earth pressure or earth pressure pa and passive earth pressure p p. Lateral forces on retaining wallsence 454 assakkaf design of retaining walls the design of retaining wall must account for all applied loads. Variations on the basic design, including curves, tiers, railings, stairs, walkways and the like are making them more and more attractive to designers and architects. Retaining wall design example free download as pdf file. Earthquake load the force exerted on the structure by earthquake action, acting on either or both the face of the retaining wall and any other structure supported by the retaining wall. Section is changed if its undesirable from the stability or economy point of view. Some easytoadopt retaining wall design ideas have been listed below. Reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall analysis and design. Mar 04, 2019 to further understand the designed approach, here is a worked example of the design of the retaining wall. Principles of retaining wall design the constructor. This design example focuses on the analysis and design of a tapered cantilever retaining wall including a comparison with model results. Worked examples presented at the workshop eurocode 7.
A slope above a retaining wall will add more pressure and weight, while slopes below the retaining wall may make the. The following worked examples have been prepared to illustrate the application of bs8002 to retaining wall design. The paper covers a theoretical approach in data acquisition needed for design of a retaining wall. Then, stability of wall is checked for these dimensions. Basics of retaining wall design 10 editionth a design guide for earth retaining structures contents at a glance. Wisdot bridge manual chapter 14 retaining walls january 2019 147 14. Norfolk and tasman retaining walls au keystone retaining wall systems. Retaining wall design example applied and interdisciplinary. The procedure is more of a general summary and an appreciation of the role of subsurface exploration in geotechnical design. Soldier pile retaining wall components and design of. Cantilever concrete retaining walls are commonly used for residential purposes, often as integral basement walls. The cantilever retaining wall shown below is backfilled with granular material having a unit weight. Types of retaining walls tieback wall tieback is a horizontal wire or rod, or a helical anchor use to reinforce retaining wall for stability one end of the tieback is secured to the wall, while the other end is anchored to a stable structure i.
Retaining walls types details with analysis and design. Usually the cantilever wall stem is of concrete block construction rising from an insitu concrete foundation. Staad pro retaining wall analysis and designcantilever type 2018 easy method duration. The load that presents the greatest problem and its primary concern is the lateral earth pressure induced by the retained soil. Ce 437537, spring 2011 retaining wall design example 1 8 design a reinforced concrete retaining wall for the following conditions. Assuming that the allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 120 knm 2, the. Retaining wall design proceeds with the selection of tentative dimensions, see fig.
The wall will be built adjacent to the roadway shoulder where traffic is 2 ft. Course objectives they seem to crop up everywhere, like cell phone towers. Mar 24, 2018 example of rc retaining wall design in tedds 2018. Figure 1 illustrates typical cantilever retaining wall detailing requirements. For example, the buildings with shallow foundation may be taken as a uniform surcharge of 10kpa per storey.
Basics of retaining wall design page x preface to the tenth edition this tenth edition, like its predecessors, become necessary because building codes change seismic design requirements for example and as we receive suggestions for topics to be added or expanded. Design example the following design example briefly illustrates some of the basic steps used in the allowable stress design of a reinforced concrete masonry cantilever retaining wall. Retaining counterfort wall design free download as pdf file. However, retaining wallscanalsobeconstructed for aesthetic landscaping purposes. Example 1 retaining wall designs using retaining blocks. Reinforced concrete cantilever retaining wall analysis and.
We believe that a twelve degree setback maximizes the leverage achieved by a battered wall, while providing a finished retaining wall that fulfills the. Consider the cantilever retaining wall with the cross section shown in the above figure a. Assuming that the allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 120 knm. The wall stem is 16 wide to accommodate mounting a type 7 bridge rail to the top of wall. The compaction plant can be represented approximately by a surcharge load equal to the weight of the roller. Mcgrawhill international edition, 1997 may be referred. Geotechnical investigation and analysis performed by the geotechnical section 3. Proportioning first, approximate dimensions are chosen for the retaining wall. Determine the factors of safety against sliding and overturning. Design and detailing of counterfort retaining wall when the height of the retaining wall exceeds about 6 m, the thickness of the stem and heel slab works out to be sufficiently large and the design becomes uneconomical. The retaining wall is fixed to the reinforced concrete slab. Rccii design steps for cantilever retaining wall youtube.
Design and detailing of retaining walls learning outcomes. Retaining walls in theory and practice, a textbook for. Example 8 cantilever wingwall design loads 6 21 design section b summary the abutment width along the skew, a 3. Staad pro retaining wall analysis and design cantilever type 2018 easy method duration. Worked example to accompany mbie guidance on the seismic design of retaining structures for residential sites in greater christchurch version 2 november 2014. Type of retaining wall failure to design retaining walls, it is necessary to know how wall can fail. The purpose of this article is for the reader to fully understand the principle behind it. Structural design of cantilever retaining wall is depend on separating each part of wall and design it as a cantilever, so its called cantilever r. Active earth pressure tends to deflect the wall away from the backfill. There various parts of a retaining wall and design principles of these retaining wall components based on different factors and. Geotechnical design dublin, 14 june, 20 support to the implementation, harmonization and further development of the eurocodes eurocode 7. This example is intended to be readily calculated by hand although a lot of structural spreadsheets and software such as prokon are available. Surcharge large surcharge loads are induced on retaining walls in close proximity to track.
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